排序方式: 共有41条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
Striking difference in response to expanding brood parasites by birds in western and eastern Beringia 下载免费PDF全文
Vladimir Dinets Kristaps Sokolovskis Daniel Hanley Mark E. Hauber 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2018,89(2):117-125
Two species of obligate brood‐parasitic Cuculus cuckoos are expanding their ranges in Beringia. Both now breed on the Asian side, close to the Bering Strait, and are found in Alaska during the breeding season. From May to July 2017, we used painted 3D‐printed model eggs of two cuckoo host‐races breeding in northeastern Siberia to test behavioral responses of native songbirds on both sides of the Bering Strait, with particular attention to species that are known cuckoo hosts in their Siberian range. Each host nest was tested after the second egg was laid and, if possible, again 4 days later with a model of a different type. Although our Siberian study site was also outside the known breeding ranges of the cuckoos, we found that Siberian birds had strong anti‐parasite responses, with 14 of 22 models rejected. In contrast, birds in Alaska had virtually no detectable anti‐parasite behaviors, with only one of 96 models rejected; the rejecters were Red‐throated Pipits (Anthus cervinus). Such differences suggest that the cuckoos might successfully parasitize naïve hosts and become established in North America whether or not their historic host species are widely available. 相似文献
2.
Nest survival was studied in relation to nest position of 164 nests of the Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus in the Southeastern part of the Czech Republic in 1993. Breeding was successful in 91 (55.5%) cases, whereas 40 (24.4%) were predated, 19 (11.6%) were parasitized by the Cuckoo Cuculus canorus and 14 (8.5%) were destroyed by other causes. Of the predated nests, small mammals accounted for 26 (65.0%) and unknown predators for 14 (35.0%) nests. Rates of predation and parasitism varied in relation to a series of habitat factors and Reed Warblers avoided nest sites most vulnerable to predation or parasitism. Concealed places in the vegetation far away from trees were the safest nest sites. 相似文献
3.
4.
鸟类的鸣唱具有吸引配偶和保卫领域的功能,多为雀形目雄性鸟类发出,在其婚配、繁殖中起重要作用。非雀形目鸟类缺乏内鸣肌,发出的声音较为单调。但杜鹃科(Cuculidae)等少数非雀形目鸟类,利用鸣叫来吸引异性和宣示领域,功能上类似雀形目鸟类的鸣唱。鸟类在繁殖期面临觅食等基本生理活动与求偶行为的时间权衡。而鸣唱是雄性鸟类在繁殖期耗能较多的求偶行为,鸣唱的活跃程度受到外界环境和鸟类自身习性的影响。通过研究鸟类鸣声的日节律,有助于了解鸟类对生活史策略的响应。本研究于2016年和2017年鸟类繁殖季在北京小龙门森林公园(40°00′N,115°26′E)进行。2016年和2017年在大鹰鹃(Hierococcyx sparverioides)活动区利用录音机(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司,型号SM4)分别录制了3 d和43 d的录音。通过Kaleidoscope Pro 4.0.3软件(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司),量化录音并提取反应大鹰鹃鸣声特征的参数,进而自动识别出录音中大鹰鹃的鸣声。在优化识别条件后,对大鹰鹃鸣声识别的正确率可以达到60.26%,探测率可以达到44.71%。发现大鹰鹃有两个鸣叫的高峰,一个在3:00时,另一个在19:00时。与同域分布的其他鸟类相比,大鹰鹃鸣声的高峰时段持续的时间更长,且具有夜间鸣叫的特点。结合大鹰鹃的生活史,我们对其鸣声日节律进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
6.
Egg discrimination in hosts of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is frequently studied by experimental parasitism, using model cuckoo eggs. We compared egg rejection behaviour of the great
reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus to either model cuckoo eggs made of plastic or painted real host eggs. We simultaneously parasitised host nests by two different
egg types to simulate cuckoo parasitism. A previous study revealed very similar, ca. 70%, rejection rates against both of
these egg types (beige or bluish background colour maculated with dark brown) when they were used for single parasitism. In
the present study we showed 96% average rejection rates against these egg types when they were applied in multiple experimental
parasitism, causing a more predictable output for rejection behaviour. Hard plastic eggs and painted real eggs were rejected
at similar frequencies, and videotaping revealed that model egg rejection caused extra work for great reed warblers. We revealed
a new type of rejection behaviour, when hosts tried to eject hard-shelled model cuckoo eggs: Hosts made little holes in the
middle part of these plastic eggs by pecking them several times before ejection, as if seeking the possibility to pierce and
hold these eggs in their bills. Painted real eggs were rejected by actually puncturing the eggshell and holding them in the
bill during ejection. No instances of grasp ejection were recorded during filming. Most experimental eggs of either type were
ejected within 1 day after the introduction of the eggs, indicating that hosts made their rejection decisions quickly. Our
observations suggest the lack of plasticity in the mode and timing of ejection behaviour towards experimental cuckoo eggs
of different types in great reed warblers. 相似文献
7.
2015年4~8月,在贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区,记录到1巢白腹短翅鸲(Hodgsonius phaenicuroides)被鹰鹃(Cuculus sparverioides)寄生,寄生率为1/16(n=16)。发现时白腹短翅鸲巢内有1枚白色的寄生卵和2枚蓝色的寄主卵,且卵已凉,疑为亲鸟弃巢。鹰鹃卵重6.09 g,卵大小20.20 mm×27.73 mm;两枚白腹短翅鸲的卵重分别为2.34 g和2.40 g,大小分别为20.05 mm×14.94 mm和19.95 mm×15.09 mm。鹰鹃的卵重量(6.09 g)和大小(27.73 mm×20.20 mm)均明显大于白腹短翅鸲的卵。卵色光谱测量结果表明,鹰鹃和白腹短翅鸲卵色的反射光谱图差别明显,鹰鹃卵在色度和色调上明显低于白腹短翅鸲,但卵色亮度却明显比白腹短翅鸲卵高,为典型的非模拟寄生卵。 相似文献
8.
C. N. SPOTTISWOODE 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2010,23(8):1792-1799
Cuckoo eggs are renowned for their mimicry of different host species, leading to the evolution of host‐specific races (or ‘gentes’) defined by egg colour and pattern. This study aims to test the prediction that another property of parasitic eggs, namely shell strength, might also have experienced divergent selection within cuckoo species. Host races of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus encountering stronger host rejection have thicker‐shelled eggs than those parasitising less discriminating species, as expected if egg strengthening discourages host rejection. Moreover, in the diederik cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius, eggshell thickness was correlated across cuckoo gentes and host species, as expected if eggshell strength has been involved in coevolutionary interactions. This is the first report of host‐specific differences in cuckoo egg properties other than colour and pattern and lends correlational support to the hypothesis that the strong eggshells of brood parasites are an adaptation to reduce host rejection. 相似文献
9.
10.
A comparative analysis of the evolution of variation in appearance of eggs of European passerines in relation to brood parasitism 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
Host of brood parasites increase the ability of rejecting cuckooeggs by production of (1) a clutch with little variation amongeggs and (2) a clutch that differs the most from the modal phenotypeof the population. These hypotheses have been tested by Øienet at. (1995), although they did not control for common phylogeneticancestry. We analyze the evolution of egg color and markingpatterns in European passerines, which are potential hosts ofdie European cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), using Felsenstein's (1985)independent comparative method to control for the effect ofcommon phylogenetic descent We found a significant positiverelationship between interclutch variation in appearance ofhost eggs and parasitism rate, but this relationship disappearedwhen hole-nesting species were excluded from the analysis; andwe found a highly significant multiple regression between rejectionrate and intra- and interclutch variation in egg appearance,even when hole nesters were excluded from the analysis. Thepartial correlation coefficients were negative for intraclutchvariation and positive with interclutch variation in agreementwidi the hypotheses. Therefore, the use of the independent comparativemethod strengthens the hypothesis that the evolution of eggpatterns in hosts is associated with different stages of coevolutionwith the brood parasite. 相似文献